\documentclass{beamer}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{unicode-math}
\usetheme{Madrid}
\usecolortheme{default}

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%This block of code defines the information to appear in the
%Title page
\title{Observational Astronomy}

\subtitle{How we make the EM spectrum our bitch}

\author{Lauren Thomas (ljaytee)}


\date{Newline 2023}


%End of title page configuration block
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%The next block of commands puts the table of contents at the 
%beginning of each section and highlights the current section:

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\begin{document}

%The next statement creates the title page.
\frame{\titlepage}


\section{First section}

%---------------------------------------------------------
%Changing visivility of the text
\begin{frame}{Light spectra}{Electromagnetic spectrum}
  \centering
    \includegraphics[width=10cm]{Encyclopaedia Brittanica EM spectrum.jpg}
\end{frame}

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%---------------------------------------------------------
%Example of the \pause command
\begin{frame}{How is electromagnetic radiation created}
  \begin{figure}
    \centering
  \includegraphics{Bohr_atom_model.pdf}    
    \caption{Bohr model of a hydrogen atom}
  \end{figure}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}{How is electromagnetic radiation created}
  \begin{figure}
    \centering
    \includegraphics{Bohr_atom_model_absorb.pdf}
    \caption{Absorption}
  \end{figure}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}{How is electromagnetic radiation created}
  \begin{figure}
    \centering
  \includegraphics{Bohr_atom_model_emit.pdf}
    \caption{Emission}
  \end{figure}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}{Photon energy}
  \begin{align*}
    \action<+->{
    &E_3 - E_2 = {\sf Energy~ of~ the~ photon} = hf \\
    &{\sf  where~} h =6.626\cdot 10^{-34} J\cdot Hz^{-1} \\
    }
    \action<+->{
              &E = {hc \over \lambda} \\
              &c =3\cdot 10^8 m\cdot s^{-1}
                }
  \end{align*}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}{Let's do an example}
  \begin{align*}
    E_n &= {-hc R_\infty \over n^2} \\
    R_\infty &= {m_e e^4 \over 8\epsilon_0 ^2 h^3 c}
  \end{align*}

  \begin{alignat*}{3}
    R_\infty &= 10\:973\:781.568160\; m^{-1} &\hspace{1em}& {\sf Rydberg~ constant} \\
    n_e &= 9.11 \cdot 10^{-31}\; kg && {\sf Electron~ mass} \\
    e &= 1.602 \cdot 10^{-19}\; C && {\sf Elementary~ charge} \\
    \epsilon_0 &= 8.854 \cdot 10^{-12}\; F \cdot m^{-1} && {\sf Permitivity~ of~ free~ space}
  \end{alignat*}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}{Lets's do an example (continued)}
  The Rydberg constant for hydrogen can be calculated using the reduced mass of the electron.

  \begin{align*}
    R_H &= R_\infty  {m_p \over m_e + m_p} \\
    R_H &= 0.999\ldots R_\infty
  \end{align*}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}{Lets's do an example (continued)}
  \begin{align*}
    E_3 - E_2 &= 3.027 \cdot 10^{-19} \\
    E &= {hc \over \lambda} \\
    \lambda &= {hc \over E} \\
              & = 6.5611 \cdot 10^{-7} m \\
    & ~\therefore \\
    \lambda &= 656\; nm~ (3\; s.f.)
  \end{align*}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}{Emission and absorption spectra}
  \begin{figure}
    \centering
    \includegraphics[width=12cm]{emission-and-absorption-spectra.jpeg}
  \end{figure}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}{A real emission spectrum}
  \begin{figure}
    \centering
    \includegraphics[width=7cm]{qso.jpg}
  \end{figure}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}{Redshift and the expanding universe}
  \begin{eqnarray*}
    z &= \sqrt\dfrac{c+v}{ c-v} - 1 \\
      &= \dfrac{\lambda_{obs} - \lambda_{emit}}{\lambda_{emit}}
  \end{eqnarray*}
\end{frame}
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\end{document}

\section{Second section}

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%Highlighting text
\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Sample frame title}

In this slide, some important text will be
\alert{highlighted} because it's important.
Please, don't abuse it.

\begin{block}{Remark}
Sample text
\end{block}

\begin{alertblock}{Important theorem}
Sample text in red box
\end{alertblock}

\begin{examples}
Sample text in green box. The title of the block is ``Examples".
\end{examples}
\end{frame}
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%Two columns
\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Two-column slide}

\begin{columns}

\column{0.5\textwidth}
This is a text in first column.
$$E=mc^2$$
\begin{itemize}
\item First item
\item Second item
\end{itemize}

\column{0.5\textwidth}
This text will be in the second column
and on a second tought this is a nice looking
layout in some cases.
\end{columns}
\end{frame}
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